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abarbecuetapsintoourhuntergatherorpast

buteatingbeefnolongerrequiresalifeanddeathbattlewiththeformidableeversvereightthousandyearsago

somethingextraordinaryhappenedtochangeallthatthefirstcowscameoutoftheforestsensaveannasandintothefields

whethertheycameoftheirowncorororworkcaughtisstilldebated

butthecombinationofbovinebrownandhumanbrainswouldchangethedestinyofbothspecies

domesticationwasourfirststepintakingcontrolofnature

inharnessingthepowerofoneswildanimals

wewouldurgendlytransformlifeonearth

lorrywindcarlsandistheauthorofcattleandinformalsocialhistory

itappearsthatdomesticationofcattlebeganabouteightthousandyearsago

inthreeseparatelocations

onelocationismisspotanmiaandanotherwasinindustrivervalley

andthethirdlocationnowisbelievedtobeafrica

fromthesecenters

domesticationsspreadacrosseuriaandthroughoutoutafricaallovertheplanet

therewerehundredsofpotentialchoicesfordomestication

butitwasthecowthatbecameearlymansmostimportant

allyasthehundredgatheralifestylegraduallysettledintoagriculture

butmadethecowsospecialontheplanesofeastafrica

whereearliestmanfirsthunted

wecanstillseewhatourancestorswereupagainstyou

thecriteriafordomesticationisuncompromisingveryfewspecieswouldpassmuster

ifananimalistooflightingordependsonmassmigrationforsurvivalitfails

ifitcannotreadincaptivityitfails

ifitgrowstooslowlyortoolargeitfails

ifitsdietortheconditionsitneedsaretoospecializedtorecreate

itfailsifitistooaggressive

itfailsthecowpassedalltheseexactingteststobecomethemostimportantmemberofaveryexclusiveclub

thedomesticatesourancestorschosewisely

andtherehavebeenveryfewadditionstotheiroriginallistofanimalallies你的心

itseemsthatcattleleshardbehaviors

whatmadethemsosuitablefordomesticcation

becausetheyliketostayinagroup

theyseeksolusinthegroup

andtheystaytogether

andbythemfollowingtheirselfselectedleaderforwheretheychoosetogo

itsbeeneasyformantotakethatplace

andtobecomeimprintedastheleaderoftheherdontheotherhandanimals

thatarequitenervous

andhaveanervoustemperamentandexhibitflightresponse

whenmanappearstheyjustjumpandrun

andtheres

theresnochanceforinteraction

thatwasthatpausethecattle

havethatcuriosityuhtheseattle

thattheyhavewithinaheard

theyfeelverysecure

whentheyrealltogether

sotheydonthavetenruninandrunoff

andsoitgivesthatchanceformanandcattletoboundineverynewrelationship

therearenewresponsibilities

butwhoeexacs

butwhoexacacwasinchargemanor

orcow

althoughthecowpulledthepouwmantoowassettowork

哎